Sanctuary Lamp

Sanctuary Lamp

What is the sanctuary lamp?

The sanctuary lamp, also known as the Eucharistic lamp, altar lamp, or tabernacle lamp, is a flame that remains constantly lit near the tabernacle to signify and honor the real presence of Jesus Christ in the Blessed Sacrament.

Its perpetual flame is not only a visible sign but also a deeply symbolic liturgical element that links prayer, faith, and adoration.

Its origin dates back to the divine prescription in the Old Testament: “You shall command the Israelites to bring you pure beaten olive oil for the lamp, to cause a lamp to burn continually” (Exodus 27:20). Since then, the ever-burning flame has been a symbol of the divine presence, carried forward by the Church as an expression of the new covenant in Christ.

Liturgical and spiritual symbolism

Sanctuary lamps are usually red in color because they convey a dual meaning.

On one hand, the flame signifies the presence of Christ, and the red color, as a symbol of blood and sacrifice, reminds us that Christ gave his life for the salvation of all humanity. The light of the altar lamps manifests Jesus' unconditional love.

This flame also represents:

• The Church’s constant watchfulness before her Lord, truly present in the Eucharist.
• Unceasing prayer as the “oil of faith,” according to the teaching of Pope Francis.
• The burning love of the faithful for the Blessed Sacrament.

Liturgical norms and placement

Canon 940 of the Code of Canon Law establishes:

“In a church or oratory in which the Most Holy Eucharist is reserved, a special lamp shall shine continuously to indicate and honor the presence of Christ.”

This norm is echoed in liturgical documents such as the Roman Ritual and the instruction Eucharisticum Mysterium.

The lamp may use oil, wax, or electricity. It should be placed near the tabernacle, preferably in the sanctuary, clearly visible and separate from the altar.

On major solemnities, multiple lamps may be lit as a reference to the gifts of the Holy Spirit.

Types of sanctuary lamps

Sanctuary lamps are classified by their fuel source, design, and material:

• By fuel: blessed olive oil (preferred), beeswax, vegetable wax, or paraffin. Nowadays, electric sanctuary lamps are common due to their ease of maintenance.
• By design: hanging, standing, wall-mounted, or integrated into the reredos.
• By material: brass, bronze, silver, crystal, or ceramic. The glass vessel is usually red or clear and may be decorated with crosses, wheat, grapes, or Eucharistic emblems.

The use of red glass is traditional and rich in symbolism, though clear glass is also permitted depending on the style of the Church.

Components and maintenance

A Eucharistic lamp consists of the following elements:

• Glass vessel (heat-resistant, tempered), typically red.
• Support or base (hanging, wall-mounted, or pedestal).
• Light source: cotton wick, votive candle, LED bulb, or liquid wax system.

Depending on the type of altar lamp, regular care is needed to ensure that the faithful perceive the real presence of Christ, waiting for our prayer and our love.

It is especially important to ensure that the lamp always has sufficient fuel to remain lit.